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Long-term monitoring of health indicators with a portable medical recorder can provide clinicians with more comprehensive data with which to make a diagnosis than is possible with a short-term test. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, some 50 million people in this country suffer from damage to the nervous system. Some of the major types of disorders incorporate: neurogenetic diseases (such as Huntington's malady and muscular dystrophy), developmental disorders (such as cerebral palsy), degenerative diseases of adult life (such as Parkinson's malignancy and Alzheimer's disease), metabolic diseases (such as Gaucher's disease), cerebrovascular diseases (such as stroke and vascular dementia), trauma (such as spinal cord and head injury), convulsive disorders (such as epilepsy), infectious diseases (such as AIDS dementia), and brain tumors.

The human nervous system is made of billions of nerve tissue (called neurons) and support tissue (called glial cells). Together, they make an extensive network for transmitting signals from the body to the brain, processing those signals, and transmitting signals back from the brain to the body. For some types of signals, the processing is minimal. For example, involuntary motor functions such as heart rate and breathing are controlled by nuclei in the brain stem without much higher-order processing. Other signals require extensive processing, engaging the higher-order functions of the cerebral cortex.

The brain is a highly multi-faceted organ that emits highly complicated magnetism-based signals. Scientists have sought to directly read electric signals from the brain through brain-to-computer interfaces, but it is not an easy task. Brain activity will likely be detected by implanted or outside electrodes, but the output is very noisy and the patterns are complicated.

The brain controls and coordinates: routine body functions such as body temperature, heart rate and breathing; the processing of sensory inputs spanning sight, hearing, taste, smell, feeling; thought, rationality, focus, and behavior; voluntary body actions (e.g. walking, talking) and reaction to the ecology. The left hemisphere tends to replace in the control of visually-based activities while the right hemisphere dominates analytic functions.

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